Tag Archives: London’s railways

Behind closed doors

CaptureIn the 1930 a successful hoax succeeded by selling hundreds of 10 guinea tickets for a charity ball to be held at a house in Leinster Gardens.

When the underground line was being built Nos. 23 and 24 Leinster Gardens were dismantled leaving just their 5ft-deep façades, the space left behind allowed the trains to empty their smoke boxes before entering the next tunnel. Today the fake houses can still be seen while behind them the District Line rattles along its way.

At Crystal Palace Park in 1864 a novel way of transporting the public through a tube was opened which obviated the need to let off steam. A large tube enough to accommodate entire carriages was assembled, and air was forced through the tube, in the manner of a bicycle pump, to propel the train and its hapless passengers along the tube’s entire length, at the other end of its quarter mile length giant fans would suck the train to its destination.

[I]t cannot have come as a surprise to any passengers of this mode of transport to learn that it closed after a few months. Rumours later persisted that the tunnel was haunted with skeletons dressed in Victorian clothes still sitting in an old railway carriage. We shall never know as the site was demolished in 1911 to make way for the Festival of Empire celebrations.

Travel along the southern section of the Bakerloo Line and you enter the tube that the Waterloo & Whitehall Railway laid down in 1865. Running parallel with Hungerford Bridge this underwater cast-iron pipe was expected to take passengers in trains propelled along its length by fans sucking or blowing the carriages along. Fifteen trains an hour and costing 2d for a first class ticket, second class for a ha’penny less and third class at a bargain 1d. Unfortunately for its operators the company went bust before they could experience this ‘commodious, and well lighted’ form of transport.

A version of this post was published by CabbieBlog on 12th October 2012

Apostrophes

It’s enough to make a king cross

Is it a place where monarchs line up to traverse Euston Road; where kings get angry; or perhaps the spot outside McDonald’s where a giant monument once stood commemorating the life of a very unpopular king.

Going by the cavalier use (or not) of the apostrophe in this area we would never know.

[T]he architects of the revamped frontage seem to have hedged their bets. Gone is the truly awful 1960s additions which boasted King’s Cross in 3ft high letters [featured image], today just the modest signage above various entrances written in the Underground’s trademark Johnston Sans informs us that indeed it is in a spot named after a king’s cross.

The bible of the cabbie, the A-Z gives it the possessive squiggle, while Google Maps, the new kid on the block cannot make up its mind, allowing it and then soon after taking it away.

King’s Cross Central which boasts of the improvements in the area via the web, nails its colours firmly to its mast and even sports a red apostrophe in its title.

Red

While Kings Place, home of the politically correct Guardian newspaper resolutely refuses to accept the area has anything to do with a constitutional monarchy.

Likewise, the republicans over at Network Central favour the absent tadpole and even to accept that they are proper nouns opting for lower case cross and station.

So what are we pedants to do? Just when confusion seems to reign the Londonist have come to our aid and drawn up the definitive list for London. Anyway, I’m off to Apostrophe for a coffee.

Letting off steam

CaptureIn the 1930 a successful hoax succeeded by selling hundreds of 10 guinea tickets for a charity ball to be held at a house in Leinster Gardens.

When the underground line was being built Nos. 23 and 24 Leinster Gardens were dismantled leaving just their 5ft-deep façades, the space left behind allowed the trains to empty their smoke boxes before entering the next tunnel. Today the fake houses can still be seen while behind them the District Line rattles along its way.

At Crystal Palace Park in 1864 a novel way of transporting the public through a tube was opened which obviated the need to let off steam. A large tube enough to accommodate entire carriages was assembled, and air was forced through the tube, in the manner of a bicycle pump, to propel the train and its hapless passengers along the tube’s entire length, at the other end of its quarter mile length giant fans would suck the train to its destination.

[I]t cannot have come as a surprise to any passengers of this mode of transport to learn that it closed after a few months. Rumours later persisted that the tunnel was haunted with skeletons dressed in Victorian clothes still sitting in an old railway carriage. We shall never know as the site was demolished in 1911 to make way for the Festival of Empire celebrations.

Travel along the southern section of the Bakerloo Line and you enter the tube that the Waterloo & Whitehall Railway laid down in 1865. Running parallel with Hungerford Bridge this underwater cast-iron pipe was expected to take passengers in trains propelled along its length by fans sucking or blowing the carriages along. Fifteen trains an hour and costing 2d for a first class ticket, second class for a ha’penny less and third class at a bargain 1d. Unfortunately for its operators the company went bust before they could experience this ‘commodious, and well lighted’ form of transport.

Running out of puff

It wasn’t until the mid-nineteenth century that underground rail travel was envisaged, deemed to be quieter and less disruptive than overground, not to say obviating the need to demolish properties in more salubrious areas.

Underground rail travel posed a problem for the engineers as passengers rather inconsiderately needed to breathe, and existing coal-fired trains emitted a toxic mixture of steam and sulphurous smoke which had a tendency to suffocate both crew and their passengers.

[T]he world’s first underground railway, opened on 9th January 1863. The line, which still runs alongside Farringdon Road, was built as cheaply as possible so rather than design new locomotives, the company simply adapted existing ones – steam trains.

Trials were undertaken burning coke instead of coal but because of poisonous gases it was thought preferable that tunnels were filled with coal smoke instead, prompting The Times to comment ‘A journey . . . is a form of torture which no person would undergo if he could conveniently help it’. Train drivers were not convinced with the company’s assertion that asthmatics found the smoky atmosphere helped breathing and grew thick beards to try and filter the black soot; they even named their locomotives after tyrants – Mogul, Czar and Kaiser.

Enter Sir John Fowler, Bt. who designed the world’s first experimental fireless locomotive nicknamed “Fowlers Ghost”. Propulsion was achieved by using heated bricks placed in a conventional coal-fired engine to produce steam. It was deemed a failure after only one test run presumably the locomotive’s footplate was just a little too hot for comfort for the engine drivers trying to manhandle red-hot bricks. Fowler would later redeem himself as the genius who designed the Forth Rail Bridge.

It was back to the drawing board this time to design condensing engines which emitted less steam and smoke, the engines emissions were routed into large tanks behind the locomotive, which were then vented off as the train emerged from the tunnel. Because the tunnels were under roads, the venting would spook any horses that happened to be overhead, so doubt prompting the cabbies driving Hansom cabs to complain. This method meant that frequent breaks in the tunnel were needed to let off steam and evidence of which we can still see today.

Up in the air

CaptureCentral London is starting to look as if a giant mole has been at work, with holes appearing at the most unlikely locations the largest of these is to be found beside Centre Point; and just what did happen to the iconic fountains which once stood outside?

Said to be the biggest engineering work being carried out in Europe, CrossRail is, at £15bn, certainly the most expensive.

The only compensation is that Knowledge students will never have to memorise the “Dirty Dozen”,twelve road which form a short cut through Soho from west to east, now that Great Chapel Street has been turned into a hole.

[C]rossRail is just the latest of the Capital’s grandiose rail schemes, which started in 1836 with the London & Greenwich train line; its name would indicate that Greenwich was not part of the Metropolis at that time.

Unlike CrossRail it was planned to run the tracks over an elevated Roman-style viaduct with its terminus modestly styled on the Acropolis. It was routed through some of the poorer parts of London, so that less compensation had to be paid when demolishing people’s houses and making them homeless, even so it was costly and time consuming for no fewer than 878 separate brick arches were constructed, making it at the time the world’s longest viaduct, the surviving arches and station booking office can still be seen in the Spa Road area of Bermondsey. When completed the cabbies at that time, no doubt were among those who complained about “the thundering steam engines and omnibus